1> 指距离

• this these，近距离的人或事物；
• that those ，远距离的人或事物；

This is not the dessert that I ordered.
这不是我点的甜点。

• that I ordered 修饰 desert；

Those seats over there are reserved for the elderly.
那边的座位是为长辈们保留的。

2> that(those) 代替前面提到的名词

2.1> not as large as that…

The population of New Yory is not as large as that of Tokyo.
纽约的人口没有东京的那么多。

• as(一样) + 原级 + as（像）…

• the + 单数名词 + 修饰语时，用that 代替；

• 人口规模，用large， small；

2.2> than those…

The ears of an African elephant are bigger than those of an Indian.
非洲象的耳朵比印度象的耳朵大。

• Indian elephant 省略elephant；
• the + 复数名词 + 修饰语时，用those 代替；

3> this指前句或后句，that指前句

3.1> that is the question

To be or not to be - that is the question.
生存还是毁灭， 那是问题所在。

3.2> that is reason why

Kelly is kind. That is why I like her.
Kelly is kind. That is the reason why I like her.
Kelly很善良。那就是我喜欢她的原因。

3.3> Keep this in mind

Keep this in mind. Everyone has a right to live free.
Let’s remenber this sentence, everyone.
将这句话牢记在心，人人都有权力活得自在。

• mind 侧重脑子情感；
  heart 侧重心里情感；
• right【n.】 权力；