Feeling

Inner feelings towards the outside world
The sensory organ transmits the external stimulation to the nerve , And produce a recognition response in the brain , be called 「 Feeling 」
A way to transmit external stimuli to the nerves through the senses , And the physiological phenomenon that produces recognition response in the brain
Feeling is the reflection of the brain on the individual attributes of objective things that directly act on sensory organs
Feeling is the perception of the sensory system
Feeling is the reflection of past experience in the mind
Feeling is the perception produced by touching things .

Feeling is the most elementary cognitive process , It is the simplest psychological phenomenon . Of course, feeling does not necessarily reflect only one attribute at a certain time , It can reflect many kinds of attributes , But in the feeling , There is neither organization nor boundary between various attributes

Psychological concept of feeling

In Psychology , Feeling （sensation） It is the reflection of human brain on the individual attributes of objective things that directly act on sensory organs . People's cognitive activities of all kinds of things begin with feelings , Feeling is the most elementary cognitive activity . meanwhile , Feeling is perception 、 memory 、 The basis of complex cognitive activities such as thinking , It is also the basis of all human psychological phenomena , It's the simplest 、 The most basic psychological activity .

Sensation is a neural impulse process that the receptor receives stimulation to express the experience inside and outside the body .

People's understanding of the objective world begins with feelings , It is the simplest form of cognition . For example, a red apple , We see with our eyes , Know its color is red , The shape is round ; Bite with your mouth , Know its taste is sweet . The red here 、 round 、 Sweetness is the individual attribute of apple, an objective thing . Red is the reflection of a certain wavelength on the apple surface / Frequency light wave / Caused by electromagnetic wave acting on eyes , The circle is caused by the external outline of the apple acting on the eyes , Sweetness is caused by certain chemicals inside the apple acting on the tongue . Our minds accept and process these attributes , Then understand these attributes , This is the feeling .

Feeling is the primary stage of human cognitive process , It is the beginning of people's understanding of the objective world , It is the basic component of the formation and development of consciousness . There are three main characteristics of feeling ：1. It reflects the objective things that we are in direct contact with at present ;2. It reflects the individual attributes of objective things , Not the whole ;3. The content and object of feeling are objective , The form and expression of feeling are subjective .

The meaning of feeling

Feeling provides information about the internal and external environment , secondly , Feeling ensures the information balance between the body and the environment ; Again , The feeling is that everything is more advanced 、 The basis of more complex psychological phenomena , It is the basis of all human psychological phenomena .

Physiological concept of sensation

Feeling is an individual characteristic of objective reality （ voice 、 Color 、 Smell, etc ） The reflection of , Certain stimuli from the material world directly act on certain sensory organs of the organism , If light causes vision , Sound waves cause hearing ; Stimulate nerve impulses caused in the senses , Sensation is produced by sensory nerve conduction in certain parts of cerebral cortex .
Feeling is a sense 、 The corresponding parts of the brain and the three nerve parts between them are connected to form an analyzer to unify the results of activities ; There is no feeling in the inorganic world , Only features similar to the feeling , That is, a simple physical or chemical reaction ; With the emergence of life , Produced a biological reaction pattern , That is, stimulation sensitivity ; Irritancy already includes the sprouting of sensation ; It is the feeling developed on the basis of stimulus sensitivity ; Animal sensory ability has evolved with the specialization of analyzers ; Human feelings have been highly developed under complex living conditions and in the activities of changing reality ; People and animals feel different , The feeling of animals is only the result of natural development , Human feelings include the products of social development .
Feeling belongs to the perceptual stage of cognition , It is the source of all knowledge ; It is closely combined with perception , Provide materials for thinking activities ; Feeling is divided into vision due to different analyzers 、 auditory 、 Gustatory sense 、 The sense of smell 、 Skin sensation 、 Motion perception 、 The body feels 、 Balance sense, etc .

An object has its light 、 voice 、 temperature 、 Smell and other properties , Each of our sensory organs can only reflect one attribute of an object , Eyes see light , Ears hear sound , Smell through your nose , The tongue tastes , The skin feels warm and smooth , wait . The reflection of each sensory organ on the individual attributes of things directly acting on it is a kind of feeling .
According to the source of stimulation, feelings can be divided into external feelings and internal feelings .
External sensation is the sensation caused by external stimulation acting on sensory organs , Including vision 、 auditory 、 The sense of smell 、 Taste and skin sensation （ Skin sensation also includes touch 、 Warm sensation 、 Cold and pain ）. Inside feeling is the feeling caused by the stimulation from inside the body , Including motion perception 、 Balance sense and body sense （ Body sensation is also called visceral sensation , It includes hunger 、 Inflation 、 thirsty 、 asphyxia 、 nausea 、 Defecation 、 Sex, pain and other feelings ）.

The relationship between perception and sensation

Feeling : The reflection of the brain on the individual attributes of objective things that directly act on sensory organs
perception : The reflection of the brain on the overall attribute of objective things that directly act on sensory organs

The similarities between the two

1. Both are the subjective reflection of human brain on objective things . Objective things are the conditions for feeling and perception , There are no objective things , Feelings and perceptions cannot be produced out of thin air , It doesn't matter the psychological activity process of people's feelings and perceptions .
2. Both are the reflection of the human brain on the objective things that currently directly act on the sensory organs . Feeling and perception are the direct of human brain to objective things or phenomena 、 Specific reflection , Only when the sensory and perceptual objects act directly on human sensory organs and cause them to produce certain activities , Feeling and perception can be produced . If objective things or phenomena disappear within the range of human sensory organs , Then the sensory and perceptual activities will stop .
3. The formation and development of the two cannot be separated from the activities of the human brain . Both sensation and perception are the processing of stimulus information acting on sensory organs by the human brain , There is no human brain's acceptance of stimulating information , Processing and processing , The sense organs alone cannot and cannot produce feelings , It is more impossible to form consciousness .

The difference between the two

(1) Feeling is an activity process between physiology and Psychology , Its production mainly comes from the physiological mechanism of sensory organs and the physical characteristics of stimulating information , No or little need for human knowledge and experience , therefore , The same stimulating information will cause similar feelings . Perception is pure psychological activity . Its production comes from the psychological activity of integrating and interpreting various attributes of objective things on the basis of feeling to obtain meaning , It requires the participation of subjective factors such as people's knowledge and experience , Different people may have different perceptions of the same stimulus information .
(2) The specific contents reflected are different . Feeling is the reflection of human brain on the individual attributes of objective things , Perception is a comprehensive reflection of the attributes of objective things . The contents reflected by the two are different in level . Feeling and perception are different psychological processes , Feeling reflects the individual attributes of things , Perception reflects the whole of things , That is, the different properties of things 、 The various parts and their interrelationships .
(3) Physiological mechanism is different . Feeling is the result of a single analyzer activity , Perception is the result of the analysis and synthesis of complex stimuli or the relationship between stimuli by a variety of analyzers . Feeling only depends on the activities of individual sensory organs , And perception depends on the combined activities of multiple sensory organs .

Feeling is the understanding of the individual attributes and characteristics of things , If you feel color 、 Light and shade 、 tone 、 Smell 、 thickness 、 Soft and hard . And perception is the understanding of the whole of things and their connections and relationships , If you see a red flag 、 I heard a loud crowd 、 Touch a soft sweater, etc .

The connection between the two

Because feeling is the reflection of human brain on the individual attributes of objective things , Perception is the overall reflection of human brain on various attributes of objective things , There is no reflection on the individual attributes of objective things , There can be no overall reflection of objective things . Feeling is an important part of the perceptual process , It is the premise and foundation of perception . Perception is the deepening and development of feeling , The more people reflect the individual attributes of objective things 、 The more accurate , The more complete the perception thus formed 、 The more correct , The two are closely related .
Feeling and perception are the primary stage for people to understand objective things , It is the basis of human psychological activities . If there is no feeling and perception , It is impossible to produce memory 、 thinking 、 Think 、 Will and other complex psychological activities . therefore , Feeling and perception are the formation of human normal psychological activities 、 The foundation of development and perfection , It is the beginning of people's understanding of the world .

Feeling and perception have the same side . They are all reflections of things that act directly on sensory organs , If things no longer act directly on our sensory organs , Then our feelings and perceptions of the thing will also stop . Feeling and perception are the primary forms of human understanding of the world , It reflects the external characteristics and external connections of things . If you want to reveal the essential characteristics of things , Feeling and perception alone are not enough , You must also feel 、 More complex psychological activities based on perception , Like memory 、 Think 、 Thinking, etc . Perception is based on feeling , No feeling , There is no consciousness . The more individual attributes of things we feel 、 The richer , The more accurate the perception of things 、 The more complete , But perception is not a simple addition of feelings , Because in the process of perception, people's subjective experience plays a role , People should use the existing experience to explain the sensory information of current things , So as to identify the current things .

All in all , The production of perception is based on the sensory information in the brain , And at the same time with the feeling . But perception is not the simple sum of all kinds of feelings . Because in addition to including feelings in perception , It also includes memory 、 Thinking and speech activities, etc . Perception belongs to the stage of perceptual cognition higher than feeling . But perception is the same as feeling , All are produced by things acting directly on sensory organs . Without the direct effect of things on the senses , Neither feeling nor feeling .

Philosophical interpretation editor

People's acquisition of experience , Depends on the understanding of the law of cause and effect , That is, our understanding of the material world through our senses . As the subject , Feeling is our innate cognitive means for objects ; As an object , Feeling is a form of expression of an object as a phenomenon . We are interested in the world as a representation [1] （ Such as space 、 Time 、 The law of causality ） The understanding of , It depends entirely on experience and induction , And feeling is an essential factor . Of course , The defect of feeling is also obvious , Because we can't rely on it to understand the real world , In Kant's philosophy, it is also called the thing in itself .