One 、 Black and white box test

Black box testing The main aim is The functions presented to users by the program , White box testing The main aim is Program code logic , To put it simply , The former is to test the final display function , The latter tests the daemons .

Black box testing

Black box , As the name suggests, it is ： Think of the test object as a black box that can't be opened . When testing , The tester doesn't have to think about the logical structure and operation inside the box , Only according to the requirement specification of the procedure , Check the function of the program Whether it conforms to its function description , Inspection input Produce results Isn't it .
Common methods of black box test ： Equivalence class Divide 、 The boundary value analysis 、 Cause and effect diagram 、 Decision table analysis

Common methods of black box test ：

White box testing

It's the opposite of black box , This approach is to think of the test object as an open transparent box . When testing , Testers will use The logical structure inside the program And related information , By checking program status at different points , Check whether each path in the procedure can work correctly according to the predetermined requirements .

Two 、 How to design test cases

The design of test cases generally starts from Analysis requirements design specification Start , Understand how developers design this Project ideas 、 Design requirements 、 Implemented function etc. .
Because the content of test cases should be based on the requirements design specification , Functions not reflected in the design specification , It does not need to be reflected in the test case .

Write functional test cases , First All we have to do is Design test cases The template of . Templates , Each has its own characteristics . The format of test cases includes , Test case summary 、 Test case requirement number （ A requirement design specification can be written in several use cases ）、 The date of writing the use case 、 Prepared by 、 Date of writing 、 precondition 、 Prepare data, etc . There are no fixed requirements for format , You can design test cases according to your own ideas , Make corresponding changes to the format of test cases .

Take a login window as an example , Ideas and methods of designing login interface .
1、 first floor , Form testing is at the bottom （ The most basic ）
The test case of this part is the input box of the login window interface 、 Button function 、 Interface and other basic functions . Generally speaking, login user name and login user password are the form of input box , that , What we need is to test the function of these two input boxes . At this time , We just need to consider the function of this input box , Without considering the business aspects .
2、 The second floor , logic layer
Design according to requirements , Simple logical connection between functions . Take the login window as an example , To login , The account and password must be corresponding to log in , Otherwise, login fails .
3、 The third level , The business process layer .
This part does not care about the basic functions of the software itself , It's about whether the business of this software has been realized , Different needs have different business needs . Take the login window as an example , There may be different needs , Maybe the user requires that the disabled account can log in to the system （ It may be required that no other operations are allowed after login ）, Or the user may directly request that the disabled user account is not allowed to log in to the system . According to different business needs , There are different business processes .

How to design complete test cases

Elevator test design case

Consider all aspects of testing , Not just functional testing

• Requirements testing
• Interface tests
• A functional test
• Reliability test
• Ease of use test
• User documentation
• Pressure test
• Security testing

Design test cases for elevators
Elevator test case design
glass 、 Washing machine test case
Test case of wechat sending red envelope

3、 ... and 、 Testing tools

LoadRunner： Performance load test tool , A load test tool for predicting system behavior and performance . Identify and find problems by simulating tens of millions of users to implement concurrent load and real-time performance monitoring .

Selenium：web Program testing tools ,Selenium Test runs directly in browser , It's like a real user is doing it . Supported browsers include IE(7、8、9)、Mozilla Firefox、Mozilla Suite etc. . The main functions of this tool include ： Test compatibility with browser —— Test your application to see if it works well on different browsers and operating systems . Test system functions —— Create regression tests to verify software functionality and user requirements . Support automatic recording of actions and automatic generation .Net、Java、Perl Test scripts in different languages .Selenium yes ThoughtWorks Specially for Web An acceptance test tool for application programming .

Common software function testing tools
Common automated testing tools