MySQL What is the basic principle of read-write separation

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One 、 Working principle of read-write separation

In some large website business scenarios , Single database The server The amount of concurrency that can be provided can no longer meet the business needs , To satisfy this situation , Generally speaking, it synchronizes data through master-slave synchronization , On this basis , Improve the concurrency and load capacity of the database by separating read from write .
generally speaking , In the business scenario, the query operation of the database is much higher than the increase 、 Deletion and modification , And the read operation has less impact on the database . therefore , We usually set up a database server as the main server , Mainly responsible for the increase of data 、 Deleted and modified tasks , To configure 3-4 Database servers are slave servers , It mainly undertakes the task of data query . The database slave server synchronizes data from the database master server , In order to achieve data consistency .

Two 、 Read write separation implementation mode

According to the level of read-write separation , There are generally two ways to realize read-write separation , Through the application layer and through the middleware layer .
Implementation through the application layer refers to the implementation of data query language and data operation language within the web page, pointing to different MySQL Master and slave Libraries . Implemented through the application layer MySQL The diagram of separation of reading and writing is as follows ：

The advantage of this is that it reduces the difficulty of deployment , Deploy and install , And good performance , The disadvantage is that the code needs to be modified when the architecture is expanded , It is difficult to realize automatic database distribution 、 Advanced operations such as table splitting , It is not very applicable in some large application scenarios .
Implementation through the middleware layer refers to the unified integration of all... In the application layer SQL The statement points to a middleware device , The middleware device will be different SQL Statement points to different database servers for operation . The diagram of reading and writing separation through the middleware layer is as follows ：

The advantage of this is that the architecture design is more flexible , Less impact on business code , Good portability , And it can realize advanced control , However, this architecture requires professional operation and maintenance personnel to maintain the architecture .

3、 ... and 、 Common middleware for read-write separation

There are the following kinds of commonly used read-write separation middleware programs ：
1、cobar
Ali B2B Developed relational distributed system , Is an early middleware , Later, no one maintained it because the developer left .
2、MyCAT
Technology lovers are cobar On the basis of the second development , It's solved cobar Some of the problems , And added some new features , at present MyCAT Community activity is high , There are also a lot of companies using MyCAT.
3、OneProxy
Oneproxy It's a middleware for commercial charging , Developed by Alipay team , It is very stable in high concurrency scenarios .
4、Vitess
The middleware architecture is complex , And the use of Vitess You need to use the API Interface .
5、Kingshard
from 360 Team development , Support sub database and sub table , But in the case of high concurrency, the stability is general .
6、MaxScale and MySQL Route
Both are MySQL Official middleware .Maxscale yes Mariadb R & D ,MySQL Route It's now Oracle Company as MySQL Middleware for database publishing .

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