Catalog

Chapter two | Software process model

【 Basic activities of software development & Life cycle 】

【 Software process model 】

Waterfall model

Prototype model , Evolutionary prototype model （ Iterative model ）, Incremental model , Spiral model

Unified process model

Agile development model

【 Software process model selection · summary 】

【 Unit test questions 】

choice question

Judgment questions

Short answer

Chapter two | Software process model

【 Basic activities of software development & Life cycle 】

• Software Engineering VS Software engineering process ：【 Software Engineering 】 Follow certain 【 Software engineering process 】

• Software engineering process ： Problem definition 、 Requirements development 、 software design 、 Software architecture 、 software test

  • Problem definition ： Carry out technical exploration and Market Research , Study the feasibility of the system and possible solutions , Determine the system to be developed Overall objectives and scope .

  • Requirements development ： adopt Carry out technical exploration and Market Research , Study the feasibility and possible solutions . Analyze user needs , Establish a complete demand analysis model , Write software requirements specifications .

  • software design ： According to the requirement specification , Determine the software architecture , Further design the implementation algorithm of each system component 、 Data structure and its interface, etc .

  • Software architecture ： Transform software design into Program code , It is required to design the program according to the design model and write and test the code correctly and efficiently .

  • software test ： Check and verify Whether the developed system meets customer expectations , It mainly includes unit testing 、 Subsystem testing 、 Integration testing, acceptance testing and other activities .

  • The basic activities of software process are ： analysis 、 Design 、 Realization 、 test 、 Evolution

• Software life cycle

  • The basic process of software development ： Get demand → Design software → Realize the writing of software → Validation and testing → Go online and maintain

  • Software life cycle is a series of stages of software production , From conception to the end of life ． It may take months or years to complete

【 Software process model 】

Reference material ：

Software process model （ Detailed explanation ）_ Mumuzi ！ The blog of -CSDN Blog _ Software process model

Soft exam - System development basis （ Nine models and agile development ）__ A Feng's blog -CSDN Blog _ System development model

• Software process model is an abstract description of software process

• Software development is a create The process of , Not the manufacturing process

Waterfall model

What is it? ？

The development phase is strictly linear , Each stage has relevant milestones and delivered products , And it needs confirmation and verification . Take predictability as the principle 、 Document driven development process 、 Process control is the core

characteristic ？

① The division of each stage is completely fixed , A lot of documents are generated between stages

② In the middle of the development process , It's hard to respond to users' change requests

③ Early mistakes , It can't be found until the testing stage in the later stage of development

Applicable scenario

① Software requirements are completely determined at the beginning of development

② The environment used by users is also very stable

Prototype model , Evolutionary prototype model （ Iterative model ）, Incremental model , Spiral model

What is it? ？

Prototyping models need to quickly build a working software prototype , It enables users and developers to check the relevant aspects of the system , To decide whether it is appropriate and appropriate .

There are many kinds of prototype models ： Evolutionary prototype model （ Iterative model ）、 Incremental model 、 Spiral model, etc , Different prototype models have different functions

Reaching agreement on requirements before formal development can effectively improve customer satisfaction and software availability , Rapid prototyping development model is designed based on this idea

What kinds are there ？

• 1. Incremental model ： Gradually add functions in each new release until all functions are constructed .

• 2. Iterative model ： Submit a complete system at the beginning , Supplement and improve the functions of each subsystem in the subsequent release .

• 3. Spiral model ： By planning 、 risk analysis 、 Build a prototype 、 User reviews , Consider various risks at all stages

• 4. Evolutionary prototype model ： Develop a skeleton system and improve it

Applicable scenario

【 Prototype model 】 Apply as much as possible Quickly build software prototypes , To reflect customer needs

【 Spiral model 】 Apply to Large software Development （ Constant change 、 Business uncertainty ）

【 Evolutionary prototype model （ Iterative model ）】 For all Requirements are not well understood at the beginning of development , There is uncertainty in the business model , The system is easy to maintain and change

Unified process model

What is it? ？

Is a use case driven 、 Take architecture as the core 、 Iterative and incremental software process model , from UML Methods and tools support , It is widely used in various object-oriented projects .

Applicable scenario

Modern large-scale information technology projects

Agile development model

What is it? ？

characteristic ？

① Precise requirements , Precise results

② The quality is guaranteed

③ Customer cooperation is better than contract negotiation

④ High return on investment

⑤ High speed is one of the most significant advantages of agile development

Applicable scenario

① The team is huge , Communication and cooperation efficiency is low , Convenient for management team

② Hope to manage the development schedule efficiently

③ The product is complex , New demands are constantly coming in

Agile Manifesto

【 Individual interaction Is better than Process and tools 】 People are the most important factor for success

【 Working software Is better than A comprehensive document 】 Documents should be moderate

【 Customer cooperation Is better than Contract negotiation 】 Win win is better than lose win

【 Change accordingly Is better than Follow the plan 】 Make a detailed plan for the next two weeks , Make a rough plan for the next three months

Agile Manifesto の 12 A basic rule

Agile development method

Agile development method is the general name of a group of lightweight development methods , It includes many specific development processes and methods , The two most influential methods are Extreme programming (xp) （XP） and Scrum development method .

【 Software process model selection · summary 】

【 Waterfall model 】① Software requirements are completely determined at the beginning of development ② The environment used by users is also very stable

【 Prototype model 】 Apply as much as possible Quickly build software prototypes , To reflect customer needs

【 Spiral model 】 Apply to Large software Development （ Constant change 、 Business uncertainty ）

【 Evolutionary prototype model （ Iterative model ）】 For all Requirements are not well understood at the beginning of development , There is uncertainty in the business model , The system is easy to maintain and change

【 Unified process model 】 Modern large-scale information technology projects

【 agile development 】① The team is huge , Communication and cooperation efficiency is low , Convenient for management team ② Hope to manage the development schedule efficiently ③ The product is complex , New demands are constantly coming in

*【 Convertible model 】 The requirements for safety and reliability are extremely high , It needs to be verified before putting into operation . Such as ABS System

【 Unit test questions 】

choice question

Differentiation and analysis ：

Software engineering is a subject of research and Application In a systematic way 、 Standardized 、 Quantitative process method to develop and maintain software , And how to Combine time tested and proven management techniques with the best available techniques The subject of .

The software process is a process to be followed in the implementation of software engineering , By software specification 、 Software design and development 、 Software Validation 、 Software improvement and other activities

Judgment questions

Software requirements specification plays an important role in the process of software development , It is the basis of software feasibility analysis . F （ Software requirements specification is not the basis of software feasibility analysis ）

Short answer

The following project examples , Which process model is suitable for use ？