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分布式(一)分布式系统,BASE,CAP是何方神圣?
2022-07-22 07:15:00 【林木森^~^】
什么是分布式
分布式系统是由一组通过网络进行通信、为了完成共同的任务而协调工作的计算机节点组成的系统。
目的
分布式系统的出现是为了用廉价的、普通的机器完成单个计算机无法完成的计算、存储任务。其目的是利用更多的机器,处理更多的数据。
分布式的好处(解决了什么问题)
解决单机性能瓶颈问题
单机扩展的性价比越来越低,并且扩展具有上临界点,而分布式可以使用多台廉价的服务器解决性能问题
解决系统高可用问题
带来的问题
分布式带来的问题主要是由于资源隔离和网络问题导致的。
由于进程资源无法互相访问资源,所以带来了以下问题:
资源互斥问题需要分布式锁来解决
事务问题由分布式事务来解决
分布式缓冲代替本都缓冲
分布式消息代替本地消息队列
还有一些问题时网络带来的,由于网络是不可靠的,所以会发生:
- 网络通讯失败
- 网络分区/脑裂问题
CAP定理
CAP定理(CAP theorem),又被称作布鲁尔定理(Brewer’s theorem),它指出对于一个分布式计算系统来说,不可能同时满足以下三点:
一致性(Consistence) (等同于所
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