Configure static routing and rip routing protocols

One 、 Experimental principle ：

1. Routing technology ： Router works in OSI The network layer of the reference model , Its important role is to select the best path for packets , It's finally delivered to the destination . In a network with only one network segment , Packets can easily reach the destination host from the source host , but If a computer wants to communicate with a computer other than this network segment , Packets may go through many routers . This will face a very important problem —— How to choose the path to the destination ？ There are many paths for packets from one host to another , But obviously , One of these paths is always the best at some point （ The fastest ） Of . therefore , In order to improve the network access speed as much as possible （ efficiency ）, There needs to be a method to determine the best path from the source host to the destination host , So as to forward data . This is routing technology

2. How routers work ： First, let's look at how the router works . By means of PC Setting the default gateway on the can make the computers in the LAN and Internet signal communication , Actually in PC The default gateway set on is the Ethernet port of the router IP Address . If the computer in the LAN wants to communicate with the computer outside , Just submit the request to the Ethernet port of the router , The next work is done by the router . Therefore, it can be said that the router is the transit station of the Internet , Packets in the network are forwarded to the destination network through one router after another .

3. How the router forwards packets ： How to forward packets when router ？ It's like a person going to travel somewhere , First of all, I have to look at the map in my mobile phone , Good introduction , This map is the routing table . In the routing table , Including all destination network addresses mastered by the router , And the best way to reach these networks through this router . This best path refers to an interface of the router or the address of the next hop router . Because of the existence of routing table , Routers can efficiently forward packets .

4. Static routing ： Static routing refers to the routing information manually configured by users or network administrators . Route entries are dependent on direct routes . The router needs to forward the data to the non directly connected network segment , You need to add static routes on the router . Static routing is the interface of the next router directly connected to the router IP Address or local interface of the router itself . Static routing is used for small-scale networks 、 A network with a relatively fixed topology .

5. Dynamic routing ： Dynamic routing is the communication between routers in the network , Passing routing information , The process of updating the routing table with the received routing information . It can adapt to the changes of network structure in real time . If the route update information indicates that the network has changed , The routing software will recalculate the routing , And send out new route update information . This information goes through the various networks , Cause each router to restart its routing algorithm , And update their routing tables to dynamically reflect the changes of network topology . Dynamic routing is suitable for large-scale networks 、 Network topology complex network .

Two 、 step ：

1. Connection topology ： First, we need three Router , Two sets of PC host , Use cross wires to interconnect . Then annotate each port ip Gateway and mask . Here's the picture .

2. Configure the host ： According to comments , On the desktop of the host IP The configuration page can configure the host IP Address , Subnet mask and gateway , With PC0 For example , Here's the picture .

3. Configure the interface on the router ip Address ： With Route1 For example , Statement for ：

int  Fa0/1  # Access interface

ip  address  201.0.0.1  255.255.255.0  # To configure ip Address

no  shut  # start-up

Exit  # sign out

int  Fa0/0  # Access interface

ip  address  202.0.0.1  255.255.255.0  # To configure ip Address

no  shut  # start-up

Exit  # sign out

When the configuration is complete , Each connection point should be green , Adjacent points can be connected . Here's the picture .

4. Configure... On the router Static routing , Realize cross network segment communication .

before this , We need to understand the relevant principles ： Direct and non directly connected segments , Also called direct and non direct routing .

（1） Direct link routing ： Local interface configuration IP After the address and subnet mask ports are opened, a direct connection route is formed .

（2） Indirect routing ： Not a local interface configuration IP After the address and subnet mask interfaces are turned on, a non direct route is formed .

Direct routing is generated after configuration , however , For indirect routing, you should tell the router to go which A road , It requires the equipment operator to set the route himself .

（3） Configure static routing ： Global configuration mode ,ip route Destination network Mask Next jump .

In the above picture Route1 For example , Yes Route1 Come on 202.0.0.0 and 203.0.0.0 Is the direct network segment ,201.0.0.0 and 204.0.0.0 That is, the non direct network segment , Equipment personnel are required to configure the route by themselves .Route1 To go to the non direct network segment 201.0.0.0, because ip by 202.0.0.2 The interface of Fa0/0 With routers Route1 It's directly connected , So the next jump should be ip by 202.0.0.1 The interface of Fa0/0.

So for Route0 The configuration statement is as follows ：

about Route1:

about Route2：

5. Connect PC0 and PC1, Verify whether the static route is configured successfully , The following results indicate that the configuration is successful . 

6. dynamic RIP route ： In global configuration mode ,router  rip, Get into rip Pattern ,Router(config-router)# Announce direct network ,network network address .

（1） about route0 Configure as follows :

Look at its routing table ：

（2） about route1 Configure as follows ：

Look at its routing table ：

（3） about route2 Configure as follows ：

Look at its routing table ：

7. Connect PC0 and PC1, verification rip Whether the dynamic route is successfully configured , The following results indicate that the configuration is successful .